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S1200 HCP Young Adult (HCP-YA) Data Dictionary spreadsheet: 

Excel version:   HCP_S1200_DataDictionary_April_20_2018.xlsx

CSV version: HCP_S1200_DataDictionary_April_20_2018.csv

Up to date variable descriptions are also viewable within the ConnectomeDB subject dashboard by mousing over the column name or selecting "Data Dictionary" from the column name dropdown.

Note: Much of the information below is out of date or incomplete-- please download the spreadsheet at the link above for current variable descriptions.

Dashboard filtering starts at the Category level, and each category is represented by a separate data table in the ConnectomeDB interface. Multiple data tables are arranged in a tabbed format. 

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Category: Subject Information

Instrument: Demographics 

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Category: Study Completion

Instrument: Study Completion: 3T MR

Instrument: Image Reconstruction Info: 3T MR

Instrument: Study Completion - MEG

Instrument: Study Completion - Behavioral

Category: MR Sessions

Instrument: Session Information

Category: Health and Family History

Instrument: Physical Health

Instrument: Family History of Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorders

Category: Alertness

Instrument: Cognitive Status (Mini Mental Status Exam)

Excluded Fields: Cognitive Status (Mini Mental Status Exam)

Instrument: Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire)

Excluded Instrument Fields: Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire) 

Category: Cognition

Instrument: Episodic Memory (Picture Sequence Memory)

Instrument Description: 

The Picture Sequence Memory Test is a measure developed for the Open of episodic memory for ages 3-85 years. It involves recalling increasingly lengthy series of illustrated objects and activities that are presented in a particular order on the computer screen. The participants are asked to recall the sequence of pictures that is demonstrated over two learning trials; sequence length varies from 6-18 pictures, depending on age. Participants are given credit for each adjacent pair of pictures (i.e., if pictures in locations 7 and 8 and placed in that order and adjacent to each other anywhere - such as slots 1 and 2 - one point is awarded) they correctly place, up to the maximum value for the sequence, which is one less than the sequence length (if there are 18 pictures in the sequence, the maximum score is 17, because that is the number of adjacent pairs of pictures that exist). The test takes approximately 7 minutes to administer. This test is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Executive Function/Cognitive Flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort)

Instrument Description: 

DCCS is a measure of cognitive flexibility. Two target pictures are presented that vary along two dimensions (e.g., shape and color). Participants are asked to match a series of bivalent test pictures (e.g., yellow balls and blue trucks) to the target pictures, first according to one dimension (e.g., color) and then, after a number of trials, according to the other dimension (e.g., shape). "Switch" trials are also employed, in which the participant must change the dimension being matched. For example, after 4 straight trials matching on shape, the participant may be asked to match on color on the next trial and then go back to shape, thus requiring the cognitive flexibility to quickly choose the correct stimulus. Scoring is based on a combination of accuracy and reaction time, and the test takes approximately 4 minutes to administer. This test is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Executive Function/Inhibition (Flanker Task)

Instrument Description: 

The Flanker task measures both a participant's attention and inhibitory control. The test requires the participant to focus on a given stimulus while inhibiting attention to stimuli (fish for ages 3-7 or arrows for ages 8-85) flanking it. Sometimes the middle stimulus is pointing in the same direction as the "flankers" (congruent) and sometimes in the opposite direction (incongruent). Scoring is based on a combination of accuracy and reaction time, and the test takes approximately 3 minutes to administer. This test is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Fluid Intelligence (Penn Progressive Matrices)

Instrument Description: 

Fluid intelligence is measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices (Prabhakaran et al. 1997; Christoff et al. 2001; Gray et al. 2003; Conway et al. 2005; Gray et al. 2005; Wendelken et al. 2008). We use Form A of an abbreviated version of the Raven’s developed by Gur and colleagues (Bilker et al. 2012). Participants are presented with patterns made up of 2x2, 3x3 or 1x5 arrangements of squares, with one of the squares missing. The participant must pick one of five response choices that best fits the missing square on the pattern. The task has 24 items and 3 bonus items, arranged in order of increasing difficulty. However, the task discontinues if the participant makes 5 incorrect responses in a row.

1. Duncan et al. 2000; Duncan 2003; Duncan 2005
2. Prabhakaran et al. 1997; Christoff et al. 2001; Gray et al. 2003; Conway et al. 2005; Gray et al. 2005; Wendelken et al. 2008
3. Bilker et al. 2012

Instrument: Language/Reading Decoding (Oral Reading Recognition)

Instrument Description: 

Separate but parallel reading tests have been developed in English and in Spanish. In either language, the participant is asked to read and pronounce letters and words as accurately as possible. The test administrator scores them as right or wrong. For the youngest children, the initial items require them to identify letters (as opposed to symbols) and to identify a specific letter in an array of 4 symbols. The test is given via a computerized adaptive format and requires approximately 3 minutes. This test is recommended for ages 7-85, but is available for use as young as age 3, if requested.

Instrument: Language/Vocabulary Comprehension (Picture Vocabulary)

Instrument Description: 

This measure of receptive vocabulary is administered in a computerized adaptive format. The respondent is presented with an audio recording of a word and four photographic images on the computer screen and is asked to select the picture that most closely matches the meaning of the word. This test takes approximately 4 minutes to administer and is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Processing Speed (Pattern Completion Processing Speed)

Instrument Description: 

This test measures speed of processing by asking participants to discern whether two side-by-side pictures are the same or not. Participants' raw score is the number of items correct in a 90-second period. The items are designed to be simple to most purely measure processing speed. The test overall takes approximately 3 minutes to administer. This test is recommended for ages 7-85, but is available for use as young as age 3, if requested.

Instrument: Self-regulation/Impulsivity (Delay Discounting)

Instrument Description: 

Delay discounting describes the undervaluing of rewards that are delayed in time. It is illustrated by the fact that humans (and other animals) will often choose a smaller immediate reward over an objectively larger, but delayed reward. We use a version of the discounting task that identifies ‘indifference points’ at which a person is equally likely to choose a smaller reward (e.g., $100) sooner versus a larger reward later (e.g., $200 in 3 years). Based on the work of Green and Myerson (Estle et al. 2006; Green et al. 2007), we use an adjusting-amount approach, in which delays are fixed and reward amounts are adjusted on a trial-by-trial basis based on participants’ choices, to rapidly hone in on indifference points. This approach has been repeatedly validated to provide reliable estimates of delay discounting (Estle et al. 2006). As a summary measure, we use an area-under-the-curve discounting measure (AUC) that provides a valid and reliable index of how steeply an individual discounts delayed rewards (Myerson et al. 2001).

1. Estle et al. 2006; Green et al. 2007
2. Estle et al. 2006
3. Myerson et al. 2001

Instrument: Spatial Orientation (Variable Short Penn Line Orientation Test)

Instrument Description: 

Spatial orientation processing is measured using the Variable Short Penn Line Orientation Test (Gur et al. 2001a; Gur et al. 2010). Participants are shown two lines with different orientations. They have to rotate one of the lines (a moveable blue one) so that is parallel to the other line (a fixed red line). The rotation of the blue line is accomplished by clicking buttons on the keyboard that rotate the lines either clockwise or counterclockwise. Across trials, the lines vary in their relative location on the screen, though the distance between the centers of the two lines is always the same. The length of the red line is always the same, but the length of the blue line can be either short or long. There are a total of 24 trials

Instrument: Sustained Attention (Short Penn Continuous Performance Test)

Instrument Description: 

Continuous sustained attention is measured using the Short Penn Continuous Performance Test (Number/Letter Version) (Gur et al. 2001; Gur et al. 2001; Gur et al. 2010). Participants see vertical and horizontal red lines flash on the computer screen. In one block, they must press the spacebar when the lines form a number and in the other block they press the spacebar when the lines form a letter. The lines are displayed for 300 ms followed by a 700 ms ITI. Each block contains 90 stimuli and lasts for 1.5 minutes.

Instrument: Verbal Episodic Memory (Penn Word Memory Test)

Instrument Description: 

Verbal episodic memory is measured using Form A of the Penn Word Memory Test (Gur et al. 2001a; Gur et al. 2010). Participants are shown 20 words and asked to remember them for a subsequent memory test. They are then shown 40 words (the 20 previously presented words and 20 new words matched on memory related characteristics). They decide whether they have seen the word previously by choosing among “definitely yes,” “probably yes,” “probably no,” and “definitely no.”

Instrument: Working Memory (List Sorting)

Instrument Description: 

This task assesses working memory and requires the participant to sequence different visually- and orally-presented stimuli. Pictures of different foods and animals are displayed with both a sound clip and written text that name the item. The task has two different conditions: 1-List and 2-List. In the 1-List condition, participants are required to order a series of objects (either food or animals) in size order from smallest to largest. In the 2-List condition, participants are presented both food and animals and are asked to report the food in size order, followed by the animals in size order. Children ages 3-6 have four practice items in each condition: two practice items in which the images appear simultaneously on the screen and two practice items in which the images briefly "flash" sequentially on the screen. Participants ages 7-85 have two practice items, both "flashing" in each condition. Different instructions are provided for 3-6 and 7-85 year olds in English and for 3-6, 7-17 and 18-85 year olds in Spanish.

Category: Emotion

Instrument: Emotion Recognition (Penn Emotion Recognition Test)

Instrument Description: 

Emotion processing is measured using the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (Gur et al. 2001a; Gur et al. 2010). Participants are presented with 40 faces, one at a time. They are asked to choose what emotion the face is showing from five choices: Happy, Sad, Angry, Scared and No Feeling. Half of the faces are males and half are females. There are 8 faces each that have a happy, sad, angry, scared or no feeling expression.

Instrument: Negative Affect 

Instrument Description: 

(Sadness, Fear, Anger)

Instrument: Psychological Well-being 

Instrument Description: 

(Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Meaning and Purpose)

Instrument: Social Relationships 

Instrument Description: 

(Social Support, Companionship, Social Distress, Positive Social Development)

Instrument: Stress and Self Efficacy

Instrument Description: 

Perceived Stress and Self Efficacy

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Category: FreeSurfer

Instrument: FreeSurfer Summary Statistics

Instrument: Volume (Subcortical) Segmentation

Instrument: Surface Area

Instrument: Surface Thickness

Category: Motor

Instrument: Endurance (2 minute walk test)

This test is adapted from the American Thoracic Society's 6-Minute Walk Test Protocol.  This test measures sub-maximal cardiovascular endurance by recording the distance that the participant is able to walk on a 50-foot (out and back) course in 2 minutes.  The participant's raw score is the distance in feet and inches walked in 2 minutes. The test overall takes approximately 4 minutes to administer (with instructions and practice). This test is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Locomotion (4-meter walk test)

This test is adapted from the American Thoracic Society's 6-Minute Walk Test Protocol.  This test measures sub-maximal cardiovascular endurance by recording the distance that the participant is able to walk on a 50-foot (out and back) course in 2 minutes.  The participant's raw score is the distance in feet and inches walked in 2 minutes. The test overall takes approximately 4 minutes to administer (with instructions and practice). This test is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Dexterity (9-hole Pegboard)

This simple test of manual dexterity records the time required for the participant to accurately place and remove 9 plastic pegs into a plastic pegboard.  The protocol includes 1 practice and 1 timed trial with each hand.  Raw scores are recorded as time in seconds that it takes the participant to complete the task with each hand (a separate score for each). The test takes approximately 4 minutes to administer and is recommended for ages 3-85.

Instrument: Strength (Grip Strength Dynamometry)

This protocol is adapted from the grip strength testing protocol of the American Society of Hand Therapy.  Participants are seated in a chair with their feet touching the ground.  With the elbow bent to 90 degrees and the arm against the trunk, wrist at neutral, participants squeeze the Jamar Plus Digital dynamometer as hard as they can for a count of three.  The dynamometer provides a digital reading of force in pounds.  A practice trial at less than full force and 1 test trial are completed with each hand. The test takes approximately 3 minutes to administer and is recommended for ages 3-85.

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Category: Personality

Instrument: Five Factor Model (NEO-FFI)

There is consensus that a five factor model captures the major facets of human personality across cultures (Heine and Buchtel 2009): a) neuroticism; b) extroversion/introversion; c) agreeableness; d) openness; and e) conscientiousness (Goldberg 1993; McCrae and Costa 2008). We are administering the 60 item version of the Costa and McRae Neuroticism/Extroversion/Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), which has shown excellent reliability and validity (McCrae and Costa 2004). This measure was available as part of the Penn Computerized Cognitive Battery (Gur et al. 2001a; Gur et al. 2010).

1. Heine and Buchtel 2009
2. Goldberg 1993; McCrae and Costa 2008
3. McCrae and Costa 2004
4. McCrae and Costa 2004

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Category: Psychiatric and Life Function

Restricted Instrument: Life Function (Achenbach Adult Self-Report, Syndrome Scales and DSM-Oriented Scale)

The NIH toolbox contains self-report measures of a number of important domains of experience, including positive and negative affect, stress, anxiety, depression and social support. To obtain additional self-report information on an even broader variety of domains, we also administer the Achenbach Adult Self-Report for Ages 18-59 (Achenbach 2009). Specifically, we administer the 123 items from Section VIII. These can be used to generate the ASR Syndrome Scales and the ASR DSM-Oriented Scales.

Restricted Instrument: Psychiatric History

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Category: Sensory

Instrument: Audition (Words in Noise)

Instrument: Olfaction (Odor Identification Test)

Instrument: Pain (Pain Intensity and Interference Surveys)

Instrument: Taste (Taste Intensity Test)

Instrument: Vision (EVA Scores and Farnsworth Test)

Instrument: Contrast Sensitivity (Mars Contrast Sensitivity)

Contrast sensitivity is measured using the Mars Contrast Sensitivity Test (Arditi et al. 2005), a brief, valid and reliable measure that improves upon the traditional Pelli-Robson measure (Dougherty et al. 2005; Haymes et al. 2006; Thayaparan et al. 2007).

Category: Substance Use

Instrument: Breathalyzer and Drug Test Results

Instrument: Alcohol Use 7-Day Retrospective

Instrument: Alcohol Use and Dependence

Instrument: Tobacco Use 7-Day Retrospective

Instrument: Tobacco Use and Dependence

Instrument: Illicit Drug Use

Instrument: Marijuana Use and Dependence

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